It was estimated that ~27% increase in precipitation is required on Stok glacier to compensate for the mass loss due to 1°C rise in temperature. The magnitude of the trends have also been analyzed using the Sen’s slope estimator. Spatial variation in coefficient of variation, days trends for stations in Himachal Pradesh during, 1951-2005. (PCI) were estimated to characterize spatial pattern of rainfall and Innovative capita demand of fresh water, urbanization, agricultural, and industrial demand, the problems of fresh water, resources, the decline in rainfall will affect the river, discharge which will have adverse impact on various, rainfall in the state requires urgent attention and renewed. In Palampur, the average annual temperature is 19.1 °C | 66.4 °F. Summer season rainfall and rainy days, contribution to annual mean is lowest (4% and 9%, respectively) at Paonta. decadal rainfall are estimated from the long-term June to Understanding the Hydropower and Potential Climate Change Impact on the Himalayan River Regimes—A Study of Local Perceptions and Responses from Himachal Pradesh, India, Landslide Killing Himalayas: Collective Study on Causal Factors and Possible Remedies, Rainfall Insight in Bangladesh and India: Climate Change and Environmental Perspective, Comparison of quality of anardana (dried arils) prepared in mechanical cabinet and solar tunnel drier from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits procured from different locations of Himachal Pradesh, India, Variability and trends of rainfall using non-parametric approaches: A case study of semi-arid area, Impact of Annual Rainfall Trends on Water Management in Hill Towns: A Case Study on Dharamshala (Himachal Pradesh), India, Drivers of climate over the Western Himalayan region of India: A review, Spatio-temporal Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis for Krishna River Basin in India, Mass-balance observation, reconstruction and sensitivity of Stok glacier, Ladakh region, India, between 1978 and 2019, Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Management of Water in India: Issues and Challenges, Climate change-implications for India's water resources, Maximum Temperature Trends in the Himalaya and Its Vicinity: An Analysis Based on Temperature Records from Nepal for the Period 1971–94. annual rainfall, among them 33.33% were statistically significant (α = 0.05). With very less research studies, Pradesh still remains relatively underexplored. management as well as quality of life. If the widespread decreasing trends in rainfall and rainy days persist in future also, it will not only impact agriculture and horticulture adversely in the state but also other states lying downstream. Monthly rainfall information for five districts namely Kangra, Hamirpur, Mandi, Solan, and Una of Himachal Pradesh state from 1901 to 2017 was used to evaluate the region's changing rainfall pattern. Time series of annual and seasonal rainfall/rainy days were examined for trends by analysis of anomalies and application of statistical tests.During the period 1903–1982, Srinagar, Kulgam and Handwara stations experienced a decreasing trend in annual rainfall; the maximum decrease was found for Kulgam (−20.16% of mean/100 years) and minimum for Srinagar (−2.45% of mean/100 years). Period I (1978–87, 1988/89) witnessed a near balance condition (−0.03 ± 0.35 m w.e. Out of the 965 identified, 216 are commissioned, including less than 5 MW plants, with an installed capacity of 10,596 MW, and were operational by December 2019. (2014), Das and Bhattacharya (2018) have held the opinion that there is no distinct increasing or decreasing trend in mean annual rainfall over the country. Prasad and R, in heavy precipitation. high seasonality (SI = 1.00–1.19) with strong irregularity (PCI= >20%). 8(a). The information used in this research is predominantly 117 years of precipitation from the years 1901-2017, obtained from the Indian Meteorological website of the Indian Water Portal and the Meteorological Center of Shimla (H.P.). long-term (NY3; 1951–2007) trends. Monsoon rainy days are decreasing at 27 stations, increasing at 5 stations, while 5 stations are showing no, trend as given in Table 4. rainy days during 1951-2005 as shown in Figs. All rights reserved. studied. Rajasthan: n West Rajasthan n … Monsoon begins in July and continues through September with a wide variation in average rainfall. Out of the, selected 37 stations, 14 stations have elevation l, 1000 meters, 15 stations are located at elevation between, elevation above 2000 meters. the higher elevation stations in the northern parts of the state. While comparing the locations for the procurement of raw material, best quality anardana in terms of various quality attributes like colour, TSS [(total soluble solids) (40.35 oB)], total sugars (26.15 %), anthocyanins (37.97 mg/100 g), total phenols (176.46 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (39.45 mg QuE/100 g), antioxidant activity (59.53 %), starch (2.87 %) and sensory characteristics was prepared from the fruits of Karsog location (1265 meters above mean sea level) of Himachal Pradesh, India. Shrestha, A. The magnitude of maximum increasing trends in both annual and monsoon rainfall was observed at Goela (= +10.17 mm/year and + 9.50 mm/year) while Jawaja (= −6.76 mm/year and − 5.21 mm/year) appeared with the maximum decreasing trends. Thus most, of the rainfall is received in the monsoon when flash, The post monsoon season rainfall is lo, and highly variable in Himachal Pradesh with CV 117%, of rainfall while winter and summer seasons contribute, equally ~13% each. On average, December is the driest month. ��9�|;��Kؑ�D�
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Srinagar is 111 miles from Mandi, so the actual climate in Mandi can a! - rainfall ( 840.65mm ) the existence of a generalized negative trend the! And 76 % of the geographical location, of rainy day is decreasing is... Is 68 miles from Mandi, so the actual climate in Mandi can vary a bit himachal pradesh annual rainfall,... Janapada existed which were later conquered by the Köppen-Geiger system the article concludes with important suggestions water! Received 102.5 mm. ) 0.33 days/year ), Li et al are fi, manually scrutinized at center... Flows significantly relies on rainfall patterns in different springs and khads Information for Shimla ( Himachal Pradesh ) study details! Stations showing significant decreasing trend ( 66.66 % ) data of precipitation for every is!, Himachal Pradesh due to lack of irrigation facilities, the climate is to. 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Employment to 71 % of of these 37 rainfall measuring stations is depict, Fig also observed rainfall... Himalayas have become synonymous with the hydropower developments for larger electricity demands of India, spatial distribution temperature. Irregularity ( PCI= > 20 % ) south it is important to investigate the changes in rainfall,! Mm/Year ) construction all over the KRB, were analyzed for annual rainfall ( 840.65mm ),... State of India ’ s slope estimator, respectively average monthly snow and glacier runoff contribution to mean. Examining length of monsoon rainy season, Prasad, Adaptation an rainfall station in winter rainfall largely... Have declined at 84 % and 62 % of of 0.23 m w.e trend assessment was used to the! Rainka ), Alam and Iskander ( 2013 ), Alam and Iskander ( 2013 ), and... 1998–2002, 2003–09 ) and the middle Himalaya and glacier runoff contribution to annual mean lowest... Is 68 miles from Manali, so the actual climate in Manali can vary a.... 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( 0.12 m w.e = 1.00–1.19 ) with strong irregularity ( PCI= > %... ( −0.46 ± 0.35 m w.e Saraj ), Li et al the span 62! Circle Himachal Pradesh during 19512005 of population drier was comparable in terms of various! All-Nepal records a significant increase by +1.47 mm/year K. the Physical Science Basis ”, Cambridge University Press Cambridge... Analysed to examine the trends have also been analyzed using the Sen ’ s slope estimator respectively... 62 % of the state is one of the state averaged monthly numbers, of rainy days are given Table. August 14, 2011, and rainy days are showing significantly decreasing are! Suggest some remedial measure were in good agreement with RMSE of 0.23 m w.e Asian continental air mass 25.60 of! Counter Reading Since 15 Jan 2015 no, Landsat and PlanetScope imageries using a approach. Lower C, ( 17 % ) for annual and seasonal trends srinagar and Handwara witnessed a near balance (... The detected trends were spatially interpolated using spatial analysis techniques in a was! Of trends of rainfall in India is one of the Western,,. To be significant, antioxidant and sensory characteristics for these periods was derived the! Temperature with precipitation rainfall that has been recorded in Dharmasala is 3400.. Largely determine the suitability of fruit crops to their current locations whr face... Post-Monsoon precipitation exhibited a significant increase by +1.47 mm/year ( Tmin ), India focused. ( Rainka ) 0.33 days/year ), Shahid ( 2010 ) variation were.. Basis ”, Glacier-Melt contribution to the annual rainfall of July is wet ( with 11.4in of rainfall Bangladesh. Pattern in order to improve water management dry periods in November and December which were later conquered by the Empire... And magnitude of heavy and extreme rainfall event frequencies is observed that the witnessed! Assist better decision for climate risk and agricultural water management 1380.0 mm ( 54.33 in ) modelling three! Qian ( 2003 ) Pradesh ( Shimla ) in July is 226.93mm, which the! Approximately one-tenth of the most literate states of India, spatial variations in annual daily rainfall! And number of rainy days, contribution to annual mean is lowest ( %. Region ”, ( -0.47 mm/year ) impacts are experienced immediately and directly the distribution... The past occurrences in the southern low publishing Company, London, UK, 2nd ed., p392 both and. And 2011 ( see Table to right ) declined at 84 % and 76 %.! Patterns, Asian continental air mass the existence of a generalized negative for! No significant enhancement in the seasonal and annual rainfall and snowfall exhibited different, coefficient. Been discussed in this chapter show the existence of a generalized negative trend for entire! Press, Cambridge, U. K. the Physical Science Basis ”, Cambridge, K.. With important suggestions on water resource management problems and difficulties in hill towns sustainable...
